"We are fighting blindly... without knowledge, without preparation, and with no clear plan. We are throwing men into the fire simply to satisfy political demands."

— General Mikhail Alekseyev, 1915


Russia in 1914 was in turmoil because of the Tsar's lack of military and critical thinking skills. This resulted in a lack of discipline for a military that was divided by adversaries. Lack of control of the military caused poor communication and leadership, which resulted in a series of defeats on the battlefield. Therefore, talented but untrained soldiers were used as collateral damage, which caused low morale that resulted in desertions, mutinies, and revolution. Therefore, Tsar Nicolas was not capable of running a modern government or leading a military to reach Russia's objective.


If you mean the impact that war posters had as a psychological weapon to sway public opinion for government objectives, yes,  
Phagan, Patricia, and Peter van Alfen, editors. The Art of Devastation: Medals and Posters of the Great War. The American Numismatic Society and The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, 2017.

The Art of Devastation is an engaging and insightful read that anyone interested in the Great War should explore, as it offers a unique perspective on how medals and posters were used not just as art but as powerful to  Mr. Culross, if you mean the impact that war posters had as a psychological weapon to sway public opinion for government objectives, yes,
Phagan, Patricia, and Peter van Alfen, editors. The Art of Devastation: Medals and Posters of the Great War. The American Numismatic Society and The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, 2017.

The Art of Devastation is an engaging and insightful read that anyone interested in the Great War should explore, as it offers a unique perspective on how medals and posters were used not just as art but as powerful tools of propaganda, national identity, and emotional influence during World War I. Once I picked up the hardcover copy that was signed by the editor, it was difficult to put it down.

 "We are fighting blindly... without knowledge, without preparation, and with no clear plan. We are throwing men into the fire simply to satisfy political demands."

— General Mikhail Alekseyev, 1915

Russia in 1914 found itself in a vulnerable situation, by getting involved in a war with a leader who had limited military and critical thinking skills. Tsar Nicholas depended more on Rasputin than his military leaders. Russia was overcommitted and unprepared to aid countries militarily because Russia was a country that was divided militarily, socially, and politically, where pride alone could not save them. Therefore, Russia started falling apart, where economic problems, food shortages, and rebellion were breaking the pillars that kept it functioning. 

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